A stroke is almost caused by atherosclerosis in the arteries of the brain. So the risk factors for stroke are really those for atherosclerosis.
The risk of atherosclerosis is higher in people who have hypertension (high blood pressure); who smoke, who have diabetes, higher-than-normal blood cholesterol levels. It also tends to run in families; so a family history of atherosclerosis also raises the risk.
Lack of exercise, obesity and a high fat diet are also risk factors for atherosclerosis.
A heavy alcohol intake may also contribute to the risk of stroke.
Women over the age of 35 who take the oral contraceptive pill are also at higher risk of thrombotic stroke, especially if they also smoke.
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Stroke Overview 
